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Hi, here's a long list of what the mitochondria can do beyond being the powerhouse of the cell (ATP): ā makes metabolic deuterium-depleted water (H2O). ā makes CO2 as a byproduct. ā mitochondrial melatonin production, one of the most powerful antioxidants we have. ā controls autophagy, apoptosis, mitophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fusion/fission. ā controls melanogenesis via melanogenin/mitofusion 2. ā location of rate-limiting step for synthesis of all steroid/sex hormones. ā endogenous light release via biophotons & ROS/RNS for cellular communication. ā aids in control of nuclear DNA/RNA transcription/translation. ā certain molecules acting as chromophores for UV, visible, and IR light. ā urea cycle to aid in depletion of ammonia & deuterium. ā sends signals to make glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin ā heme/porphyrin synthesis. ā TCA cycle, which works as a funnel for amino acids, glucogenic metabolites, and other substrates. ā controls the cell danger response. ā fatty acid synthesis/oxidation. ā environmental sensing capabilities to help dictate circadian biology. ā thermogenesis via uncoupling proteins to aid in heat production & control proton/deuterium flux. ā control of redox factors NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH ā neurotransmitter synthesis of GABA & glutamate. ā breakdown of monoamines (dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin) ā helps breakdown certain aldehydes. ā aids in calcium (Ca2+) regulation. ā glycine cleavage system (alternate pathway for making NADH) ā synthesis of iron-sulfur clusters for efficient electron transfers within enzymes/complexes. ā recycling of nitric oxide/hydrogen sulfide. ā bile acid synthesis. ā tryptophan metabolism and NAD+ synthesis. ā CoQ10 synthesis. ā catecholamine synthesis via tyrosine hydroxylase. ā aids in control of oxygen tensions. ā cell-to-cell communication via microtubules within mitochondria & cytoskeleton. ā aids in regulation of pH of mitochondria/cytosol. Okay can't think of anymore right now and my brain hurts.
